• Democracy was something of a taint in the days of the federalist'
• Martha Washington upset to find grease spot, blamed it on democrats
• By 1820 Aristocracy was becoming taint and Democracy was taking roots.
• In the west- Believed that a man was highly qualified if he was a militia man or an Indian fighter like Andrew Jackson, or a hunter like Davie Crocket.
• Crocket elected to congress. Killed 105 bears in one season.
• Jeffersonian democracy - People should be governed as little as possible.
• Jacksonian Democracy - ruling should be done by people.
• Instead of divine right of kings it was now becoming divine right of the people
• At this time the right to hold office did not require property qualifications.

• "Egalitarian" Idea of equality, Regarding anything (Social, political, and economic)
• Also nourished by steady growth of the market economy
• Banks became unpopular because were unable to fulfill their obligations Under Monroes second term.
• Missouri compromise, awaken the importance of politics in the south.
• Prime goal of white southerners was to control federal government
• In 1824 only one quarter of the eligible voters cast a ballot
• By 1840 it reached to 78% of voters
• Candidates were now using a new strategy to get the votes they had barbecues free drinks, etc. just to get the vote
• The candidates were now being chosen by the people rather than the states legislature
• At this time it was looking bad that the presidential nominations were being made by a congressional caucus

• In 1824 there were a lot of candidates for the presidency. There were 4
• Andrew Jackson, Henry Clay, Henry H. Crawford, John Quincy Adams. Were the four candidates they said to be republicans.
• Even though Jackson had the majority of the popular votes he failed to win the presidency.
• John Quincy Adams was the one that won thanks to Henry clay

Candidates	Electoral Vote	Popular Vote	Popular Percentage
Jackson	99	153,544	42.16 %
Adams	84	108,740	31.89 %
Crawford	41	46,618	12.95 %
Clay	37	47,136	12.99 %

• The decision for the presidency came early in 1825 when the House of Representatives met and even sick members were carried in stretchers, All of this thanks to CLAY.
• Henry Clay was appointed secretary of state.
• 3 out of 4 of the secretary of states had reached the presidency.
• Common people were angry at the outcome of the Bargain between Clay and Adams. The protest lasted for 4 years

• John Quincy Adams ranks as one of the most successful secretary of states and as one of the least successful presidents
• In Adams fourth year he entered with charges of Corruption, Bargain, and usurpation.
• Adam removed 12 public servants from federal payroll
• Adams followers complained and said that if the president would not reward party workers why should they labor to keep him in office
• Adam urged in the construction of roads and canals, Also renewed the idea of a national University, Also advocated the idea of an astronomical observatory
• The reaction to these proposals was unfavorable by the people
• Westerners wanted wide open expansion

• The tariff was increased from 23% to 37%
• The Jacksonites were mad and decided to pass a bill that would bring the tariff to about 45% and that would hurt specially New England because they were the ones in more need of wool. That would also urn New England against Adams
• But that plan backfired
• Daniel Webster who had fought the tariff and John C. Calhoun who had sponsored it in 1816. Had reversed positions by this time
• Future of new England laid in factories and future of south laid in the cotton fields
• The south specially south Carolina reacted angrily because of the possibility of federal intervention
• Denmark Vesey a free black that led the slave rebellion of 1822 in Charleston
• John Randolph said that the south was seeking a scapegoat and that the tariff was the perfect one.

• South Believed that Yankee tariff discriminated against them
• South complained that the they sold their goods in a world market without tariffs and bought n America with a lot of tariffs
• South saw the tariff as their foe
• South Carolina took the role of protesting against the tariff and even published a pamphlet called the "The South Carolina Exposition" written by John C. Calhoun
• John C. Calhoun was vice president and was forced to hide his authorship of "The South Carolina Exposition"

• "The South Carolina Exposition" denounced that the tariff was unjust and unconstitutional, proposed that the states should nullify the tariff. That is make it void within their borders
• He was constantly trying to fond a way to save the minority of the south from the majority of the west and the north
• "The South Carolina Exposition"was just a false alarm since no other states had joined the protest, but the theory of nullification was later publicized

• The presidential campaign for Andrew Jackson had started when Adams was elected president
• National Republicans headed by Adams
• Democratic Republicans headed by Jackson
• Jacksonians believed that they should reform and clean out what Adams had done
• They said that Jackson's mother was a prostitute and that he had hanged six militiamen. They also recounted his numerous duels and brawls.
• Also branded and adulterer because he married his wife thinking that she had a divorce but she hadn't
• Rachel Jackson never got to be the first lady she died of a broken heart.
• He never forgave his enemies for what they did to his wife
• There was criticism about the amount of money that Adams had received over his presidential term

• Jackson won the presidency mainly because the south and west were the ones voting for him.
• The election of 1828 is also know as the "Revolution of 1828"
• The political power was shifting from the east to the continuing growing west
• The election of 1828 was a revolution but a peaceful one compared to the one of 1800
• The people seemed to roar and say " The people shall rule"
• With Jackson in office the power seemed to transfer from the rich to the common people
• Adams served for 17 years at the house of representatives from Massachusetts
• At the age of 80 Adams was stricken to the floor, his funeral was the greatest of all
• Adams fought for free speech, free soil, and free people

• Andrew Jackson was an orphan since an early age
• Jackson insisted in the supremacy of the states and the sacredness of the union That disappointed his followers
• In some occasions Jackson ignored the Supreme Court.
• Jackson defied and dominated congress unlike any other presidents have
• On Jackson's inauguration day common people for the first time steeped in the white house
• They broke Jackson's ribs

• Spoils System rewarding political supporters with public office, In other words any common people

• Jackson believed that he must clean out the members appointed by Adams-Clay regime
• Jackson only cleaned out about one fifth of the civil servants
• Insecurity replaced security and that discouraged many people from entering public office
• Mostly all of the people were thieves, crooks and illiterates that were appointed to public offices
• Samuel Swartwout stole a million dollars and headed for England
• This system of Spoils had such a great grip that it lasted for almost half a century

• Jackson's Cabinet was mediocre
• Martin Van Buren was the noteworthy person being the secretary of state
• Official cabinet was sometimes supplemented by an extraoffial cabinet of 13 these came out of the informal meetings Jackson had
• The cabinet was wrecked in 1831 by "Eaton Malaria"
• John H. Eaton married Peggy O'neale
• Peggy O'neale was constantly harassed by the wives of the officials
• Calhoun Resigned the vice presidency, then went to the senate
• All the things that had happened so far were reasons that contributed to the civil war
• Jackson was using some of Washington's funds to build roads that were not connected to the interstate road

• In the senate during 1829-1830 there was sectional jealousy
• With the west expanding the east was being drained from precious people that they needed to stay politically alive
• A new England senator introduced a resolution to curb the sales of terrain
• Robert Y. Hayne condemned the disloyalty of new England in the war of 1812 , also New England's selfish inconsistency with the tariff
• Robert Y. Hayne was actually looking to save southerners rights

• Webster had a great impact in winning the civil war
• About 40,000 copies of his speech were sold in three months

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