Chapter 14

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Chapter 14

Jacksonian Democracy at flood tide

(1830-1840)

"Nullies" in South Carolina

The tariff of 1828 continued to annoy South Carolinians
Carolinians were concerned that the tariff would interfere with slavery
The nullifiers tried hard to get two thirds of the votes to throw off the tariff
The attempts of the nullifiers failed to be accomplished because of the unionist
1832 a new tariff was passed. This tariff reduced the taxes from 45% to 35%
In election of 1832 the "Nullies" came out with more than two thirds and the Tariff was nullified WITHIN South Carolina
Convention threatened to take South Carolina if government attempted to collect custom duties
Jackson reacted violently and he threatened to hang the nullifiers
If civil war were to be avoided one side would have to give up or come up to an agreement
By 1842 the tariff was reduced by 10% which left the tariff between 20% and 25%
The compromise of 1833 was known as "The Bloody Bill" which authorized Jackson to use the navy and army to collect duties If Necessary
South Carolina was gathering arms(Getting ready for civil war)

A Victory for Both Union and Nullification

Neither Jackson nor the "Nullies" got a clean-cut triumph
South Carolina emerged victories and without surrendering any pride
Generations later looked back at the civil war condemned what South Carolina did because south Carolina would have been voted the first state to secede
Calhound became known as the first president of the southern confederacy
In 1833 compromising was the best thing that could of happened because if the civil war would of broken off it would have been a bad move because the country was still young

The Bank as a Political Football

Henry Clay tried to pass a Recharter Bill through congress and have it go to the White House and have Jackson sign it. If Jackson signed it would surely guarantee that Jackson would loose the following election. Jackson would loose because he would alienate the rich
Jackson vetoed the bill and he said that it was unconstitutional and that he would uphold the constitution as he understood it
Jackson condemned the Bank as anti-American
Jackson's vetoed message not only crushed the bank bill nut it also amplified the powers of the presidency

Brickbats and Bouquets for the Bank

According to Jackson the bank was undeniably antiwestern

Nicholas Biddle was precociously brilliant linguist, writer, magazine editor, diplomat, legislator, and financier

Nicholas Biddle was dubbed Czar Nicholas I
In 1831 Biddle cleverly lent funds to 51 members of congress
But the bank did a lot of things that helped the country, whenever the country was depreciated from bank notes the bank would lend sound bank notes. It also reduced bank failures
It was a safe place for Washington government to deposit its funds
The banks enormous economical power made it politically vulnerable

"Old Hickory" Wallops Clay in 1832

Clay was a national republican and Jackson was a Democrat
Anti Masonic Party entered the field
A New Yorker who was missing or probably murdered threatened with exposing the rituals of the masons
The antimasonic party was also anti-Jacksonian
The Anti-masons got a lot of support from evangelical Protestant groups that moral reforms like stop delivering mail in Sundays to keep the Sabbath Holy
The national republicans had a great advantage because they had funds that the borrowed from(BUS) and the paid newspapers to talk bad Bout Jackson
Even though Clay did a lot of effort to win, but he lost considerably 49/219
The anti-masons only carried Vermont
Jackson won because he had the votes and the poor outnumbered the rich

Badgering Biddle's Bank

Jackson in order to weaken the bank removed Government funds from the bank
By removing the funds Jackson had to find a new secretary of treasury that would bend to his Iron will
With the bank dying its money became so unreliable that people were forced to purchase land with metallic money

Transplanting the Tribes

By 1830 the population of the united states was nearly 13 million
More than 125,000 Indians dwelled in the forest west of the Mississippi
The government recognized the Indians as separate nations
Many white people believed that the Indians could be admitted in to white society. There was a lot of effort put Into civilizing and christianizing the Indians
In 1793, 20,000 dollars to promote literacy, agricultural, and vocational instructions among the Indians
Even though most Indians resisted the whites, there were some like the Cherokees that tried to accommodate to the whites ways
By 1820 even the native Americans owned slaves
The Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, Chickasaws, Seminoles were known among the whites as the 5 "civilized tribes"
In 1828 Georgia declared the council of the Cherokees illegal, The Cherokees appealed to the supreme court and it was upheld trice but Jackson did not recognize it because he wanted land
In 1830 congress passed the Indian removal act which meant that 100,000 Indians had to be removed
Many Indians died in the trail of tears that led to present Oklahoma were the Indians were ensured freedom from the encroachment of the whites
The permanent location of the Indians lasted for about fifteen years, because as the white population grew they kept expanding west
Sauk and Fox from Illinois and Wisconsin led by Black Hawk opposed eviction and they were crushed in 1832 by regular troops, including Lieutenant Jefferson Davis and Captain Abraham Lincoln
The seminole Indians and some runaway slaves hid in swampy areas and made a Guerrilla that took the lives of about 1500 soldiers
In 1837 Osceala was captured by an American field commander
The trail of tears involved 15,000 Indians and 4,000 died during the 116 day journey

The Lone Star of Texas Flickers

In 1823 Stephen Austin and he agreed to bring 300 American families and the immigrants had to be Catholic and would be properly Mexicanized
Many of the stipulations were just ignored and most people remained American at heart
Texas-Americans numbered about 30,000by 1835

Davy crockett and James Bowie were some of the adventurers that went to Texas
By 1830 Mexico emancipated its slaves and prohibited the importation of slaves in to Texas
In 1833 Stephen Austin went to Mexico city to negotiate the differences with the Mexican government and he was Put in jail by the dictator Santa Anna

By 1835 Santa Anna wiped out all of the local rights and raised an army to crush the uprisings
In 1836 Texas declared their independence led by commander in chief Sam Houston

Santa Anna virtually wiped out a whole town, In the bodies there was Davy's Body with bullet shots all over his body
A group of American volunteers was brutally killed like if they were pirates when they had thrown down their arms and surrendered
But it all changed in April 21, 1836 when Sam Houston turned at the Mexicans and wiped them out and captured Santa Anna and made Santa Anna sign two treaties 1, Santa Anna agreed to withdraw his troops and 2 he agreed that the Rio Grande was the south Boundary of Texas

Texas an International Derelict

Mexico had a grievance against the US
Jackson had grown to hate the Mexican overlords and admired the heroism of Sam Houston
Texas wanted recognition and union with the United States
Texas wanted In in the union but Texas was a slave state because most of the people in Texas came from the south
If Texas were excepted it would mean that American slavery would be expanded
Texas was fearing that the villain Santa Anna would return so they went as far as to seek help from Britain and France

The Birth of the Wigs and the Election of 1836

Jackson's party had adopted the name of "Democrats"
The wigs first started in the senate and then just went on expanding
The wigs could not reach a conclusion on nominating a single candidate so their long-shot opportunity was to run several favorite sons that would scatter the votes and cause a dead lock. Then the wigs might actually have a chance
General William Henry, Harrison was one of the favorite sons

William Henry was a hero at the battle of tippecanou
Jackson appointed Martin Van Vuren as Jackson's Successors for the presidency
Van Vuren won the election 170/124, Jackson was ready to step down
Jackson's years may be known as the yeasty years but he did leave an imprint that changed America. He united the regular people and formed the Democrat party
But Jackson cant escape what he did with spoil system and the harm inflicted in the financial system

Big Woes or the Little Magician

Martin Van Vuren was the eight president, He was also the first born under the American flag
During Martins four years there was a lot of trouble and nearly war with Britain caused by some up stirrings in Canada
The worst part of all was that Martin had to battle the coming depression that was caused by Jackson

Depression Doldrums and the independent treasury

Hessian fly was a cause that damaged crops and that contributed to the depression
The panic of the depression had actually started before Jackson left but it climaxed when Martin was president
For every American distress it is almost always caused by Conditions overseas
With the hardships that were going on hundreds of banks collapsed and sales of nearly every thing fell off
The Whigs had some intentions of helping the economy but with Martin's principles set by Jackson he believed that he should keep his paws of the economy

"Tippecanoe" Versus "Little Van"

Even though Martin's presidency years were plagued by panic he was still renominated in 1840
The wigs again made a bad decision and instead of choosing an able politician like Clay or Webster they choose a Vote-getter General Harrison
The wigs were benefiting from the position of Martin so they wanted to keep him in office

The log Cabins and Hard Cider of 1840

The democrats now found out that what they did by hurrying Jackson in the white house could be done by some one else too
Harrison won 234/60 an outstanding victory by Harrison

The two-party system emerges

Probably for the first time there was actually a two party system since Jeffersonians usually would absorb the ideals of the Federalist
The two parties were separated by ideals and differences