15 forging the National Economy (1790-1860)
I. The Westward Movement
A. The most American thing about was its rough western frontier
B. By 1850 half of the population was under the age of 30
C. Abraham Lincoln’s family lived in a 3 sided lean made of brush and sticks
II. Shaping the Western Landscape
A. The people that live in the frontier territory were most often lonely
B. Kentucky was inhospitable but it was made the most from its soil.
1. Cane was planted
C. Fur trapping extended all the way to the Rocky Mountains
1. He fur trapping disappeared when the helpless beavers disappeared from that region
2. The Buffalo was also reduce to a small number
3. In California the sea otter was driven to the point of extinction
D. The natural state of America was one of the most predominant characters of America
1. It inspired painters and writers
a. George Catlin was a painter and the first to advocate for the
Presentation of nature
1a. He gave the idea of creating a national park
III. The March of Millions
A. By the middle of the century the population was doubling every 25 years
1. The US had the fourth largest population in the world
B. By 1860 there were 33 states
C. New York, New Orleans, Chicago were the largest cities
D. The quick growth brought many undesirable things
1. Smelly Slums
2. Poor street lighting
3. Low security
4. Inpure Water
a. New York in 1842 stated using pipes for the water supply
5. Swage everywhere
a. Boston pioneered a sewage system in 1823
6. Improper garbage disposal
E. Immigration was immense during the 1840’s to 1850’s
1. The life described by the immigrants was prosperous
IV. The Emerald Isle Moves West
A. In the 1840’s Ireland was going trough population, and crop crisis
1. 2 million died
2. Tens of thousand Irish people immigrated to America
B. 2 million Irish moved between 1830 and 1860 and took position in police departments in most of the large cities
V. The German Forty-eighties
A. During the 1860 German immigrants had a lot of crop failures
B. Some of the Germans decided to flee to America after the collapse of the democratic revolution
C. Carl Schurz contributed to the elevation of the American political life
D. Both the Irish and the Germans were targets as voters by candidates
E. The Germans brought certain things like the Christmas Tree, Conestoga Wagon And the Kentucky rifle
D. They also became strong opposers of slavery before the Civil War
E. They also want to preserve their culture and they created small colonies for
Themselves.
VI. Flares-Ups of Antiforeignism
A. The immigration rate in the 1840’s and 1850’s was so great that the people that had lived in America for a long time feared for their place in the American political system .
B. The Roman Catholic Church stated building a separate educational system for fear of the Protestantism input to public schools
C. The Nativist burned some Catholic churches and schools
1. One of the worst occurrences was in 1844 in the city of Philadelphia
a. 13 people were killed and 2 churches were burned
D. The clashes occurred due to the great variation of ethnicity that existed in the US
VII. The March of Mechanization
A. The Industrial revolution was started in 1750 by a group of British inventors
B. The Revolution spread to the rest of Europe and the United States
VIII. Whitney Ends the Fiber Femine
A. Samuel Slater was acclaimed the father of the factory system in America
1. He escaped from Britain bridging with him a plan of how to make a spinning machine for cotton
a. Moses Brown supported him
B. Eli Whitman invented the Cotton Gin in 1793 to help the poverty in the south
1. The apparatus did not only affected America but also the entire world
a. The gin completely increase the profitability of the cotton
2. by 1860 more than 400 million lb. were taken annually to New England
IX. Marvels in Manufacturing
A. When the embargo act came to effect the labor focuses more to the commerce in New England
B. The products that were made in American became one of the prime sources of products in America during the Embargo.
1. When the treaty of Ghent was sinned in 1815 the British goods became extremely cheap therefore the majority of the mills were shut down because of the competition.
2. The tariff of 1816 was signed to alleviate the problem
C. Eli Whitman came again to revolutionize the manufacturing system once again except that this time was in the firearm industry
D. The sewing machine was invented by Elias Howe
1. Later perfected by Isaac Singer
E. Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph and liked Washington to Baltimore
X. Workers and "Wage Slaves"
A. As the number of factories increase the working environment became horrible
1. The hours were long the wages were miserable
B. By law the workers were forbidden to form labor unions
1. Only 24 recorded strikes happened before 1835
C. By 1820 the majority of the working people were children
1. Most not even 12 years old
D. By the 1820’ and 1830’s the labor workers wee given the privilege of voting
E. In 1840 president Van Buren propose the 10 hour work day
F. Many of the workers learned that strikes were the way to get what they wanted
XI. Women and the Economy
A. Women were the ideal worker they did not complained as much
1. But still the opening of jobs in factories for women were rare
B. Catherine Beecher urged women to take positions as teachers
1. She did not completed her dream but went beyond
a. Women soon took positions in other jobs
C. By 1850 about 20% of the women had worked before getting married
D. Also birth rates dropped down from six members in every family to five or less
1. Since the number of children dropped they way of bringing the n up changed now parents thought that the children had to be shaped into adults insisted of wanting for the child to brake
XII. Western Farmers Reap in the Fields
A. As the factorization evolved the Ohio, Illinois and Indiana became the brad basket of the world
1. Corn was one of the most versatile crops that they had
B. The western products were mainly buyed by the south
C. The soil in the west was not very easy to cultivate
1. John Deere invented the steel plow in 1837
D. In the 1830's Cyrus McCormick invented the first mechanical mower-reaper
XIII. Highways and Steamboats
A. By the 1790’s a road was constructed from Pennsylvania to Lancaster by a private company
1. To use the road people had to pay a toll that business was profitable for the shareholder, which made up 15% every year
B. In 1811 the federal government began to construct a road that would extend from western Maryland to Illinois ( 591 miles)
1. Its construction was interrupted in when the war of 1812 started
2. But after ward it was completed in 1852
C. The steamboat craze was started by Robert Fulton
1. He installed a powerful steam engine to his vessel named Claremont in 1807
2. By 1820 there were 60 steamboats using the Mississippi River and by 1860 there were about 1,000
XIV. "Clinton’s Big Ditch" in New York
A. The Erie canal was started in 1817 and it extended for 363 miles and finished in 1825
1. the prize for the exportation of one to of grain from Buffalo to New York dropped from $100 to $5
XV. Pioneer Railroad Promoters
A. The first railroad appeared in 1828 in the US
B. By the 1860 there were 30,000 miles of railroad
1. At the beginning of the railroad were considered as dangerous because the sparks caused fires
XVI. The Transport Web Binds the Union
A. The majority of the products before the invention of the steam boat were bough by the south but afterwards the south started sailing their products to the north
B. After the railroad was started the nation became even more unified because the west and east now could have commerce
C. Then after in the 1840’s the City of buffalo became more important than New Orleans concerning the passage of grain and goods
D. All the parts of the US had become strong parts of the American commerce and had the advantage to support the states in the given chance of another embargo
XVII. Wealth and Poverty
A. as the manufacturing marvel started the difference between rich and poor became very large
1. One of the richest persons of that time was John Jacob Astor who left $30 million when he died in 1848
B. The larger number of the population thought was of unskilled workers that work in menial works
1. Even though America gave more opportunity to its citizens than the Old Word countries
XVIII. Cables, Clippers, and Pony Riders
A. What became very important with the trade worth Great Britain
B. In 1858 a cable was extended from Newfoundland to Ireland this united the continents but for only 3 weeks
1. Later a heavier cable was extended again and this time it permanently united the continents
C. There was little advancement though in the ship industry
1. Except for the Building of a ship named the "Savannah" which had a steam engine but the majority of the time it utilized its sails
2. In 1840’s and 50’ a new ship was produce the clipper this ship had a large array of sails and it had a very long body this out runned all the steam boats
D. The pony express was establish in 1860 and it carried mail rapidly from St. Joseph Missouri to Sacramento California the trip could be made in 10 days
Sponsored Links |