I

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I. England’s Imperial Stirrings

A. Spain was dominantly Catholic

B. England-Protestant

C. Catholics battled Protestants

D. Catholic sought Irish help

E. Ireland was under England’s rule in the 12^th century

i. 1570 and 1580 Elizabeth crushed Irish uprising

F. 3 European powers-France, Spain, and England

G. 3 primitive outposts

i. France at Quebec (1608)

ii. England at Jamestown (1607)

iii. Spain at Santa Fe (1610)

H. 10% of Indian population remained

I. Henry the 8^th broke ties with Catholic Church

J. African slaves worked in sugar islands

II. Elizabeth Energizes England

The attempt to colonize Newfoundland failed
Sir Walter Raleigh-Roanoke
Francis Drake-knighted on ship by Queen Elizabeth
Phillip II built an armada

i. 130 ships

ii. Defeated in 1588

England/Spain- Peace Treaty in 1604

III. England on the eve of the Empire

Population increase-3 million (1540) to 4 million in (1600)
Laws of Primogeniture

i. Only eldest son could inherit land estates

C. Farmers were forced into precarious tenancy

D. England throbbed with social and economic change

IV. Cultural Clash in the Chesapeake Bay

Lord De La Warr arrived in 1610

i. Declaration of war on Indians

ii. Irish tactics

B. Peace ended first Anglo-Powhatan war in 1614J-ohn Rolphe

Marries Pocahontas-peace for 8 years

C. English landed in 1607 in the Chesapeake

D. Second Anglo-Powhatan War (1644)

V.Virginia: Child of Tobacco

A. John Rolphe-father of tobacco

i. Economic savior of Virginia

ii. Perfected tobacco cultivation (1616)

James I revoked charter to Virginia Company (1624)
Virginia-Royal colony
300 blacks in 1650
20 black slaves in 1619

Maryland: Catholic Haven

A. Fourth English colony to be planted

B. 2^nd plantation colony – 4^th in acres of tobacco

C. Founded in 1634 by Lord Baltimore
D. Refuge for Catholics
E. Act of toleration 1649- guaranteed toleration to all Christians, but
not to Jews or Atheists
F . Maryland depended on indentured servants for labor
G. Large number of slaves were being imported to Maryland in the
17^th century

VII. The West Indies: Way station to mainland America

A. England secured West Indian Islands

B. Spain relaxed its grip on the Caribbean (1600’s)

C. Barbados code- deprived slaves of rights

D. West Indian Economy- sugar formed foundation
E. Tobacco was considered to be a poor man’s crop
F. Sugarcane was considered to be a rich man’s crop
G. Black slaves outnumbered whites 4 to 1

VIII. The Emergence of North Carolina

A. Settled by outcasts, religious dissenters, and squatters- resisted
authority
B. Separated from South Carolina in 1712
C. Church of England was dominant in North Carolina
VIIII. Late Coming Georgia: The Buffer Colony

Founded in 1733 James Oglethorpe
Raven for debtors in jail
Named in honor of George II of England
Only colony to receive monetary subsides from the British Government
Perhaps the least populous colony
Christian worshippers enjoyed toleration
Separated Florida from the Carolinas

The Iroquois

A. Five Indian Nations – Senecas, Oneidas, Mohawks, Cayugas, Onondagas

Founded in the late 1500’s by Haiwatha and Deganagawidah

XI. The plantation Colonies

The crops that were planted the most were rice and tobacco
Slavery was found in all plantations
Some plantations permitted religious toleration