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Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700

The Protestant reformation produces Puritanism.

Martin Luther

1517 Martin Luther nailed protest against catholic doctrines.

Bible alone was source of gods words.

John Calvin

Calvinism became dominant theological credo for New England and America, Presbyterians, Huguenots and communicants of Dutch reformed church. God all-powerful and good.

Humans all weak and wicked.

God knew who was going to heaven and who was going to hell.

Henry 8^th

Calvin’s doctrines were in England just as Henry the 8^th was breaking ties with Catholic Church.

Henry 8^th became head of church

Puritans

Agreed that only visible saints are admitted in church.

A group called separatist vowed to brake away from church.

King James I

Head of both church and state from 1603-1625

The pilgrims end their Pilgrimage at Plymouth.

Separatists fleeing royal wrath departed for Holland 1608.
Distressed by Dutchification of their children.
Wanted haven where they could live and die.
As purified Protestants America was the place.
A group of the separatist made deal with Virginia Company and landed off rocky coast of England in 1620.
A total of 102, one died and one born, Less than half were Separatist.
They chose Plymouth Rock because it was out of Virginia Company’s reach.

They signed a Mayflower Compact (41 people)

In winter of 1620-1621 44 out of 102 survived.

In 1621 there was first Thanksgiving

Plymouth not important economically.

The bay colony bible commonwealth

Charles I dismissed Parliament in 1629 and started anti puritans persecution.

A group of non -separatist puritans secured a charter to form the Massachusetts Bay Company.

They had a well-equipped in 1630 with 11 vessels carrying nearly a thousand immigrants.

During the great immigration of 1630s about 75,000 refugees left but only fourteen thousand were puritans.

John Winthrop was the first colony governor.

The resources and skills of people like john helped the colony prosper.

Building the bay colony

Adult males who belonged to Puritans congregations became the congregational church.

Provincial government was not democratic.

John Winthrop distrusted the commons as the "meaner sort" and he thought democracy was the meanest and worst kind of government.

The free men elected the governor and the assembly called General court.

John Winthrop believed in the calling to do gods work, later called Protestant ethic.