Chapter 6

I. France finds a foothold in Canada

1. Led by King Louis XIV

2. Beginning of Empire were at established at Quebec.

b. Champlain helped nearby Huron Indian tribes

1. Almost completely autocratic.

C. Population in Catholic New France improved slowly

1.Late as 1750 only 60,000 or so whites inhabited New France.

a. French peasants, had little economic motive to move.

II. New France Fans Out

1. Beaver was of fashion for European people.

b. French voyageurs- recruited Indians into fur business.

1. planted fortified forts

III. The Clash of Empires

1. English Captain Jenkins - encountered Spanish revenue authorities one ear sliced off by sword.

1. George Washington Inaugurates War with France

1. Ohio Valley

1. Main bone of contention between France and G.B.

• G. B. - Ohio Country was crucial for their penetration into the American continent.
• France- Important because they wanted to connect their land with that land.

1. Virginians obtain legal rights to some 500,000 acres, but at the same time French were establishing forts in that region.

1. George Washington- 21year old surveyor and fellow Virginian.

1. Sent by Virginia’s governor to secure Virginian claims.

• 150 Virginia militiamen
• First encounter with French- French leader killed and his troops retreated
• Second encounter with French- George Washington and the entire command surrender in July 4, 1754.

1. British authorities in Nova Scotia

1. Deported French Acadians

II. Global War and Colonial Disunity

1. French and Indian War- Began in America (seven years war)

1. Fought in America, Europe, West Indies, Philippines, Africa, and the Ocean.
2. England and Prussia vs. France, Spain, Austria, and Russia- Europe.

B. Germany

1. Frederick the "great" repelled French, Austrian, and Russian armies-

out numbered 3 to 1.

3. French wasted too much strength on this war

1. 1. Lack of unity

• Delegates from only 7 of the 13 colonies showed up.
• Purpose of this was to keep the Iroquois loyal to the British in spreading the war.
• Purpose of the congress was to achieve greater colonial unity and bolster defense against France.

D. Benjamin Franklin

1. His well devised plan for colonial home rule was accepted by the Albany delegates, but not by the Colonials or the British officials

• To the colonials it did not give enough independence
• To the British officials, it seemed to give too much independence
• Colonists agreed on the need for union, but could not agree on details

.

III. Braddock’s Blundering and its Aftermath

1. General Braddock- 60-yr. Old officer experienced in European warfare

• Sent to Virginia with detachment to capture Fort Duquesne – defeated by

2. British launch full-scale invasion of Canada in 1756

• Tried to attack multiple post simultaneously – cause for failure

Pitt's Palms of Victory

A. William Pitt ( 1708 - 1778 ) British leader

B. Known as the "Great Commoner"

1. He drew his strength from the people

2. People just loved him

C. He believed deeply in his causes, his country (Great Britain) and in himself

D. In 1757 he became the highest leader in the London Government

1. He did his work so well that he earned the nickname of

"Organizer of Victory"

2. Instead of attacking the French Indies he attacked

Canada

a. He elected young commanders not old generals

E. When Pitt attacked Quebec he chose James Wolfe he had been officer since the age of 14 now 32

1. In the morning the two faced each other in the plains of

Abraham

a. French under Marquis de Montcalm vs. British

under Wolfe

b. Both sides where devastated but British won

*The battle of Quebec in 1759 is very important in British and American History*

F. when Montreal fell in 1760 it was the last time that the French Flag waved in Canada

1. By 1763 when the peace settlement was signed in Paris

the French power went Bye, Bye to America

2. The French were allowed to keep a few pitiful sugar

islands

G. The final blow came when the French gave Spain the Trans- Mississippi Louisiana and part of New Orleans

H. Spain exchanged Florida for Cuba with Britain

I. Great Britain emerged as the dominant power in N. America

Restless Colonials

A. England's colonials emerge confidently about their military strength

B. The French and Indian wars bolstered colonial self esteem and shattered Britain's invincibility complex

C. Friction developed between English officers and the colonials.

1. Conceded British officers refused to recognize any

American ranking higher that captain

a. This humiliated "Colonel" George Washington

D. British considered colonizers dirty peasants

E. Americans Consider themselves edgy. compared to the British civilization

F. American Shippers using fake papers made trade with the French and Spanish Indies

G. Britain made extreme measures to forbade all supplies from New England and the middle colonies

H. Other colonies far from the battle grounds did not wanted to help in the war efforts

1. They demanded the rights of Englishmen without the

responsibilities and duties.

2. They did not acted until they were reimburse by Pitt with

900,000 pounds

I. Intercolonial disunity was caused by geographical barriers, rivers, Religious disputes and by differences in the types of government

1. But even though unity was encouraged during the French

and Indian War

Americans a people of destiny

1. When France was defeated in Canada the Americans had a new spirit of independence.
2. The United States was taking flight as the French lost Quebec and Montreal.
3. The Spanish was also removed from the Americas.

A this was bad for Indians, now they had to negotiate with British. Instead of repelling each of the great power against each other.

B the Indians allied with the Spanish, killed over 2000 colonist. To retaliate the British sent blankets with small pox and that slowed down the Indians.

4. now the Americans had all that they needed to cross the Appalachians

A Daniel Boone made it to Tennessee and Kentucky.

5. London issued its proclamation in 1763 it stated that no Americans should settle over the Appalachians.

6 by 1765 about 1000 wagons merged west to the lands that they were prohibited from accessing. They claimed that that land rightly corresponded to them. They earned it trough blood and war.